CENTERS OF ORIGIN

The center of origin (for class 9 to 12)

The concept of centers of origin was first proposed by the Russian scientist Nikolai Vavilov(1887-1943).One of his mission was to collect plant related germplasm for National Plant Breeding Projects. During his exploration Vavilov found that plant diversity tends to concentrate around specific regions .He proposed that these concentration of high variability indicated the regions where the domestication of crops began .Vavilov identified eight primary centers of origin and plant diversity. Following are the eight centers.

a. China

b. India/ indo china

c. Central Asia

d. Near East

e. Coast of the Mediterranean Sea

f. Ethiopia

g. South Mexico and Middle America

h. South America

The study of centers of origin and diversity is helpful in plant breeding and genetic research. The genetic variation in this centers serve as rich reserves of genetic material for the improvement of cultivated crops. Genes for disease, pest and stress resistance and nutritional quality are some of the resources that can be found in these reserves. Certain aliens have been scouting across the universe to get different variety of plants which they can introduce in their planet . Which of the following centers of origin they would visit if they have to get the following crop plants.

1. Black pepper

2. Sandal wood

3. Mango

4. Jackfruit

5. Almond

6. Pear

7. Pomegranate

8. apple

9. Maize

10. okra

11. Coffee

12. Sweet potato

13. Cocao

14. Potato

15. Tomato

16. Quinine

17. Rubber tree

18. Brazil nut

19. Olive

Comments

WATER HARVESTING

1. WHAT DO YO CALL THE ABOVE TRADITIONAL RAINWATER HARVESTING STRUCTURES IN THE URBAN AREAS OF NORTHERN INDIA ? 2. THE ABOVE TWO IMAGES ARE RAINWATER HARVESTING STRUCTURES IN PATAN , GUJARAT WHICH IS A WORLD HERITAGE SITE . CAN YOU NAME THIS STRUCTURE? 3. THE BELOW IS A PROFILE PICTURE OF A TRADITIONAL RAINWATER HARVESTING STRUCTURE IN THE SEMI ARID REGIONS CALLED KAREZ. CAN YOU TELL ME IN WHICH COUNTRIES YOU WILL FIND THIS WATER HARVESTING STRUCTURE . THIS IS A SERIES OF HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL WELLS. THIS IS AN EXAMPLE OF APPLICATION OF TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE AND SKILL . 4. THIS METHOD OF IRRIGATION IS TRADITIONALLY USED IN TAMILNADU AND ANDHRA PRADESH . DURING ANCIENT TIMES THE CHOLA AND PALLAVA KINGDOMS FARMERS SPEND BETWEEN 6 TO 8% OF THEIR INCOME IN MAINATAINING THIS IRRIGATION SYSTEM . THE KINGS BELIEVED THAT FOOD SECURITY LEADS TO NATIONAL SECURITY 5. THIS IS A TRADITIONAL METHOD OF RAINWATER HARVESTING SEEN...

CLIMATE ,CL 9

A. B. C. I.WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CONDITION IS FAVOURABLE FOR INDONESIA, AUSTRALIA AS WELL AS PERU. 2. IN THE 19TH CENTURY WHEN CHEMICAL FERTILISERS WERE NOT INVENTED THE GUANO WERE IN GREAT DEMAND . IT IS DROPPING OF SEA BIRDS MAINLY CORMORANT . PERU USED TO EXPORT A LOT OF GUANO . CAN YOU GUESS THE REASON WHY PERU USED TO PRODUCE ABUNDANCE OF GUANO. (DOES THE COLD WATER NEAR THE PERUVIAN COAST HAVE ANY ROLE IN THIS). 3. Maldives and Lakshadweep support very large population even though they do not produce much of their food requirement especially rice which is the staple diet there. It does not mean that these islands were colonized during recent times, people in very large numbers have inhabited these islands for hundreds of years . Food grain is transported from India and Sri Lanka. This used to be done in the past (even during the times of sailing ships). Dry fish , copra and Jaggery( gu...

NATURAL VEGETATION

. IF YOU SEE THE ABOVE DATA YOU WILL FIND THAT INDONESIA IS HAVING MORE BIO DIVERSITY THAN USA.USA IS MUCH LARGER THAN INDONESIA AREA WISE BUT INDONESIA HAS GREATER BIODIVERSITY BECAUSE IT LIES IN THE TROPICAL AREAS (EQUATORIAL)WITH VERY HEAVY RAINFALL . BECAUSE OF THE CLIMATIC CONDITIONS IN INDONESIA THE VEGETATION IS TROPICAL RAINFORESTS WHICH INCLUDES DECIDUOUS FOREST(MONSOON FOREST ) , SEMI EVERGREEN AND EVERGREEN FORESTS. https://msu.edu/user/urquhart/rainforest/ CLICK THE ABOVE LINK AND TRY TO ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS GIVEN BELOW. 1. WHICH PART OF THE WORLD IS NEO TROPICS AND WHICH PART IS PALEOTROPICS? 2. WHICH IS THE TOP CARNIVORE IN THE RAINFORESTS OF AMAZON? 3. WHEN WE CONSERVE THESE FOREST WE ALSO CONSERVE THE KNOWLEDGE WHICH MANKIND HAS ACQUIRED OVER CENTURIES . CAN YOU THROW SOME LIGHT ON THIS ? 4. SOME OF THE MOST EXPENSIVE FLOWERS OF THE WORLD ARE FOUND IN THIS FORESTS ? CAN YOU NAME THEM . YOU MAY ALSO REFER THE BELOW LINK. 5...

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